我們所熟知的汽車前橋主減速器有哪幾種
2020-05-19 17:57:21 人氣：1147
貫通式(shi)主(zhu)減(jian)(jian)速(su)器根據其減(jian)(jian)速(su)形式(shi)可分(fen)成單(dan)級和雙級兩種。單(dan)級貫通式(shi)主(zhu)減(jian)(jian)速(su)器具有(you)結(jie)構(gou)簡單(dan)，體積小，質(zhi)量小，并可使中、后橋的大部分(fen)零(ling)件，尤其是(shi)使汽(qi)車(che)(che)橋殼、半軸等(deng)主(zhu)要零(ling)件具有(you)互換性等(deng)優點，汽(qi)車(che)(che)前橋上(shang)(shang)一般不使用，主(zhu)要用于輕型多橋驅動的汽(qi)車(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)。
根(gen)據減(jian)速齒輪(lun)(lun)形式(shi)(shi)不同，單(dan)級(ji)貫通(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)(shi)主減(jian)速器又可分為(wei)雙(shuang)曲(qu)面(mian)齒輪(lun)(lun)式(shi)(shi)及蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)桿(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)兩種結構。雙(shuang)曲(qu)面(mian)齒輪(lun)(lun)式(shi)(shi)單(dan)級(ji)貫通(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)(shi)主減(jian)速器是利用(yong)雙(shuang)曲(qu)面(mian)齒輪(lun)(lun)副軸線偏移的特點，將一根(gen)貫通(tong)(tong)(tong)軸穿過中橋(qiao)并通(tong)(tong)(tong)向(xiang)后橋(qiao)。但是這(zhe)種結構受主動(dong)齒輪(lun)(lun)較(jiao)(jiao)少齒數和(he)偏移距大(da)小(xiao)的限制，而且主動(dong)齒輪(lun)(lun)工藝性差(cha)，主減(jian)速比(bi)(bi)大(da)值僅在5左右，故多(duo)用(yong)于(yu)輕型(xing)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的貫通(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)橋(qiao)上。當(dang)用(yong)于(yu)大(da)型(xing)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)時，可通(tong)(tong)(tong)過增設輪(lun)(lun)邊減(jian)速器或(huo)加大(da)分動(dong)器速比(bi)(bi)等方(fang)(fang)法來加大(da)總(zong)(zong)減(jian)速比(bi)(bi)。蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)桿(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)單(dan)級(ji)貫通(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)(shi)主減(jian)速器在結構質量(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)的情況下(xia)可得(de)到較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的速比(bi)(bi)。它使用(yong)于(yu)各種噸(dun)位多(duo)橋(qiao)驅動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的貫通(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)橋(qiao)的布(bu)(bu)置。另(ling)外，它還具(ju)有(you)工作平(ping)滑無聲、便于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)總(zong)(zong)布(bu)(bu)置的優點。如蝸(gua)桿(gan)(gan)下(xia)置式(shi)(shi)布(bu)(bu)置方(fang)(fang)案被用(yong)于(yu)大(da)客(ke)車(che)的貫通(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)橋(qiao)中，可降低(di)車(che)廂地板(ban)高度。
對于中(zhong)、重型多橋(qiao)(qiao)驅動(dong)的(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)，由于主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)減速(su)(su)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)大(da)，多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)(shuang)級(ji)(ji)(ji)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)減速(su)(su)器。根據(ju)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)組合(he)方式(shi)不同(tong)，可分(fen)為錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)一(yi)(yi)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)式(shi)和(he)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)一(yi)(yi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)式(shi)兩種形式(shi)。錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)一(yi)(yi)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)式(shi)雙(shuang)(shuang)級(ji)(ji)(ji)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)減速(su)(su)器可得到(dao)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)減速(su)(su)比(bi)(bi)(bi)，但是(shi)結構高(gao)度(du)尺寸大(da)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)工藝性差，從動(dong)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)懸臂式(shi)支承，支承剛度(du)差，拆裝也不方便。圓(yuan)柱(zhu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)一(yi)(yi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)式(shi)雙(shuang)(shuang)級(ji)(ji)(ji)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)減速(su)(su)器的(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)副(fu)具有減速(su)(su)和(he)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，有時僅用(yong)(yong)作貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)，將其(qi)速(su)(su)比(bi)(bi)(bi)設計為1。如JHC1240貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)橋(qiao)(qiao)是(shi)由后橋(qiao)(qiao)、中(zhong)橋(qiao)(qiao)及(ji)平衡懸架總成組成，貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)重點在中(zhong)橋(qiao)(qiao)，該產品性能先進，可靠性好，繼承性好，承載能力強，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于15~40噸級(ji)(ji)(ji)載貨汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)、改(gai)裝車(che)(che)(che)、牽引車(che)(che)(che)及(ji)特(te)種車(che)(che)(che)輛。東風多軸(zhou)(zhou)驅動(dong)的(de)(de)越野車(che)(che)(che)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)了(le)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)驅動(dong)橋(qiao)(qiao)，相應(ying)地，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)減速(su)(su)器也采(cai)用(yong)(yong)了(le)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)，如6×6越野汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)驅動(dong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(中(zhong)橋(qiao)(qiao))的(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)級(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)減速(su)(su)器，第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)為斜齒(chi)(chi)(chi)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)傳動(dong)，其(qi)減速(su)(su)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)小，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)花鍵(jian)套在貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軸(zhou)(zhou)上，貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軸(zhou)(zhou)穿(chuan)過(guo)中(zhong)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)減速(su)(su)器殼通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)向后橋(qiao)(qiao)；第(di)(di)(di)二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)為雙(shuang)(shuang)曲面錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)傳動(dong)，其(qi)減速(su)(su)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)大(da)。也有一(yi)(yi)些貫(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)驅動(dong)橋(qiao)(qiao)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)為錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)傳動(dong)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)傳動(dong)。
